By Andrej Bogdanov, Luca Trevisan
ISBN-10: 1933019492
ISBN-13: 9781933019499
Average-Case Complexity is a radical survey of the average-case complexity of difficulties in NP. The research of the average-case complexity of intractable difficulties all started within the Seventies, inspired via particular purposes: the advancements of the rules of cryptography and the hunt for tactics to "cope" with the intractability of NP-hard difficulties. This survey appears at either, and customarily examines the present country of data on average-case complexity. Average-Case Complexity is meant for students and graduate scholars within the box of theoretical desktop technology. The reader also will find a variety of effects, insights, and evidence innovations whose usefulness is going past the learn of average-case complexity.
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Andrej Bogdanov, Luca Trevisan's Average-case complexity PDF
Average-Case Complexity is a radical survey of the average-case complexity of difficulties in NP. The learn of the average-case complexity of intractable difficulties started within the Nineteen Seventies, prompted by means of designated functions: the advancements of the rules of cryptography and the quest for ways to "cope" with the intractability of NP-hard difficulties.
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Extra resources for Average-Case Complexity (Foundations and Trends(R) in Theoretical Computer Science)
Example text
3 is that it is possible to extract the randomness from samples in a computable ensemble. 3, the randomness is extracted through compression: Indeed, the algorithm C compresses samples x from Dn in such a way that the output C(x) is dominated by the uniform distribution. Another possible way to extract the randomness from samples of a computable ensemble is by inversion. Namely, if one views an instance 40 A Complete Problem for Computable Ensembles x ∼ Dn as the output of some sampler S, then the problem of extracting the randomness from x can be solved by inverting S.
Suppose, however, that Dn is the uniform ensemble and that A runs in time, say, O(n2 ) on all inputs of length n, except on a set of 2n/2 inputs on which it takes time O(2n/2 ); then the expected running time of A is O(n2 ) (the few “hard inputs” only contribute an additive constant to the average running time). If B, however, is quadratically slower than A, then B takes time O(n4 ) on all inputs except on 2n/2 on which it takes time O(2n ). The average expected running time of B is now O(2n/2 ), dominated by the time taken on the hard inputs.
1 Reductions between distributional problems We begin by defining an appropriate notion of reduction. Besides the usual correctness requirement for reductions in worst-case complexity, a reduction in average-case complexity must in some sense match the distributions on instances of the two problems. Namely, in a reduction from (L, D) to (L , D ), we want the process of sampling an instance from D, then applying the reduction to it, roughly yields the distribution D . 1. (reduction between distributional problems) Let (L, D) and (L , D ) be two distributional problems.
Average-Case Complexity (Foundations and Trends(R) in Theoretical Computer Science) by Andrej Bogdanov, Luca Trevisan
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